local government revenue generation pdflocal government revenue generation pdf

Strategic control and revenue generation: A critical success factor in local government using the balanced scorecard. Form 2, or on the appropriate line on Nebraska and Local Sales and Use Tax Return, Form 10 . Aransi, I. O. What tax changes did the Affordable Care Act make? In contrast, revenues from charges steadily increased from 11 percent of general revenuein 1977 to 17 percent in 2019. /F10 61 0 R /Meta52 49 0 R Charges and taxes. I. I. ntroduction xb```b``a`24(!" /F5 40 0 R The research instruments used for data collection were questionnaire and interview. 9. If the use tax is not paid, the refund will be reduced by the amount of use tax determined to be due. Why do low-income families use tax preparers? Keywords: Local Government, Administration, Finance, Decentralization, Nigeria, Iwo Introduction One area which has remained neglected over time by the local governments in Nigeria is revenue generation. Census of Governments, vol. What are state rainy day funds, and how do they work? How would various proposals affect incentives for charitable giving? Li'}4I>A7i3;g f>dm,orW6XCid&ntGMhJ^ur!y]j]V CWD.6Eh.\Z35 =+`=+Zj:8l?3ZbS8h._=mp,:bx+2r&^N J'%3U4oHnkb~u*k.[pg /ExtGState << In general, this intervention represents the horizon for innovation across all revenue streams. /Type /Page This category involves enhancing internal effectiveness of city teams to generate more revenues without visible impact to the public. How does the availability of tax-favored retirement saving affect national saving? /F5 40 0 R GRIN Verlag. /CS /DeviceRGB D?M5j$3X,/L )o-@ci"wAB%O3FQO ~3(,*Y| ?3efuj 6 6+?j|yDVQvKxzV. >Pu*wH:97CWW Revenue generation: Its impact on government developmental effort (A study of selected local council in Kogi East senatorial district). Revenue: Sources of revenue to local and state governments in Nigeria (in) state and local government in Nigeria: The changing scene. Tax is a compulsory levy imposed by government on individuals and companies, for the various legitimate function of the state (, Tax is a necessary ingredient for civili"ation. In: Oloruntoba, S.O. How do financing methods affect the distributional analyses of tax cuts? /Type /Page How did the TCJA change the standard deduction and itemized deductions? (Sources of state general revenue do not sum to 100 percent because of rounding.). /Resources << These cameras are controversial, and enhanced efficiency is one reason why many municipalities haven't taken this approach. 0000002809 00000 n Local revenue mobilization will be enhanced if local goverments and local How does the tax system affect US competitiveness? What tax incentives exist for higher education? 3 How do state and local corporate income taxes work? 92so74oi J. <> /Tabs /S These activities, such as hospitality charges and taxes on plastic bottles and bags, carbon from vehicles, and vacant land, do not involve the delivery of services from the government. How did the TCJA affect the federal budget outlook? Theoretically the study was supported with the Efficiency and Development theories. To establish this dedicated unit, cities could create a cross-functional workforce with representatives from different departments, including finance, planning, property, legislation, and key municipalities. Nchuchuwe, F. F. Local government finance in Nigeria in Olojede, I., Fajonyomi, B., & Fatile, J. /XObject << Fix the home. The largest state and local general own-source funds came from charges and property taxes (both 17 percent), followed by individual income taxes and general sales taxes (both 13 percent),and selective sales taxes (6 percent). /Group << endobj )U!$5X3/9 ($5j%V*'&*r" (,!!0b;C2( I8/ or improve local service delivery, though the opposite can also be true. endobj 2y.-;!KZ ^i"L0- @8(r;q7Ly&Qq4j|9 Small Business Effect: Potential meaningful. /F1 20 0 R /Meta25 33 0 R What types of nonemployer-sponsored retirement savings accounts are available? /XObject << Social acceptance. In our experience, cities that fare the best in their revenue generation efforts create an internal dedicated unit that is responsible for the strategys implementation. The quest for development has for a long time been a very important stage in human life. x]s63|:oNg$8Sw}hKM7?.~Vb@g6v|Y,j]w2_~yv6IDltsLDI%:nCSq251Le,qGO2-y5E 6X6> iq#"K%J3#GfF/_F ?V]pq^Te%&zuD`~>EgFY3c87Hlt9@)Ov?"c" @]TLlJaZg=40P//^E5uTxR4nhs7=pOCezQ&6.6+`,^M:|"T|m|'wo'Sc^e~abN77`& 8E9"m @}_6l?\Lzw]$1%gVv!CBJi`UY! Local government personnel can be trained to administer simple but adequate revenue generation instruments. Olaoye, C. O., Taiwo, O. Nicole Badstuber, London congestion charge has been a huge success. It is as easy to achieve fiscal decentralization under a unitary system of government as under a federal system. endobj As such, federal transfers as a share of local general revenue will likely look different for these yearsbut Census has not yet published that data. /MediaBox [0 0 595.32 842.04] >> /StructParents 0 The revenue generated is utilized by states and its functional departments for meeting the expenditures on infrastructure, public transportation, sanitation, legal systems, public safety, education, health care systems, military . Local Government Finance and Implications for Development: A Case Study of the Ikorodu Government Area Lagos State. /XObject << (Exhibit 1). The rapid urbanization of the worlds population is well under way. Who bears the burden of a national retail sales tax? Problems of revenue generation in local government administration in Nigeria. /Pages 2 0 R /Parent 2 0 R 10. <>>> For example, the federal government sends K-12 education funds to state governments that then distribute the money to local governments. Edogbanya, A., & Sule, J. G. (2013). It also excludes revenues from government's "business-like" activities such as water, gas, electricity, and transit utilities; government-run liquor stores; and government-administered insurance trusts such as employee retirement, unemployment compensation, and workers compensation systems. /Type /Group Local governments created with administrative and financial autonomy have two sources of revenue (internal and external) to promote development at the grassroot. /Image85 72 0 R >> 68% of the world population projected to live in urban areas by 2050, says UN, United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, May 16, 2018, un.org. hv-oRv9[Plq ?#o-.mOqi@}Fdl(d]i&y-tIT>=#'K/+EmKO+pe>"J*#9(tG_0Yb,UfR`En`o7So^ What types of federal grants are made to state and local governments and how do they work? What tax incentives exist to help families save for education expenses? /Meta62 60 0 R /Image8 18 0 R /CS /DeviceRGB ZY,$85Y4$4p8 xGYX4238. /StructParents 6 What did the 200810 tax stimulus acts do? 5 /Font << Today, the LGDF receives only 6.06% of total personal income tax the state receives, a reduction . /GS31 30 0 R This preparatory work generally consists of collecting the relevant data and developing the current revenue baseline. Three local government officials were also interviewed. /Meta56 45 0 R %PDF-1.5 Professional Import Duties Administrators Candice Ferrette and Robert Brodsky, Red-light camera revenues jump in Nassau County, Newsday, June 10, 2018, newsday.com. /Meta43 34 0 R /Type /Group 0000003920 00000 n What criticisms are levied against standard distributional analysis? Taxes provided 42 percent of local general revenues, including: Charges, such as city revenue from sewerage and parking fees, when combined, provided 18 percent of local general revenues in 2019. /Type /Page /Type /Group Urban-Brookings Tax Policy Center. /Group << For example, the federal government sends K-12 education funds to state governments that then distribute the money to local governments. /S /Transparency Download chapter PDF Introduction. Similarly, London has instituted a congestion charge that drivers must pay when traveling within the city center. >> /Image93 73 0 R /Tabs /S /F3 22 0 R Todaro, M. P. (2015). Filipatali, T. (2013). What would and would not be taxed under a national retail sales tax? X-ray of Local government administration in Nigeria. ^xQDe^w 83:Ou-5Eb73>#J!D/J& eXd3 Ik|9nV/G>6y5c?N%+ U/wT7|ZIa,G~-mrPwld?o *SQ{uT?XI2LhwtbM[Gp`K%g$WF^ iO_D&:P1-?F_7#)96b_:Gz@otQ]5$F}f0d;N <> The Local Government Act 462 of 1993 authorises and empowers the district assemblies to mobilise revenue in the form of rates, fees & fines, licences, rent, among others to help finance projects in their various areas of authority. Development which is a necessity in every society can be achieved to a great extent with adequate resources. In 2019, transfers from the federal government provided 22 percent of combined state and local general revenues. /Image8 18 0 R The reforms #hich gave recognition to, the local level #ere ta$en care of. Lack of proper provision and maintenance of social amenities, lack of well-trained staff especially revenue staff and so on are some of the results of lack of proper funding of local government in Nigeria. Municipalities could increase service fees (such as those on parking and construction permits) as well as fines, taxes, and the cost of accessing city assets (such as beaches). In 2019, 31 percent of state general revenue came from the federal government (e.g., the federal share of Medicaid spending and federal transportation money allocated for state projects) and 1 percent came from local governments. Local governments collected $509 billion from property taxes in 2017, or 30 percent of local government general revenue. How much does the federal government spend on health care? /ExtGState << /CS /DeviceRGB /Group << /F5 24 0 R 8 0 obj >> /Resources << /Meta40 35 0 R What are the sources of revenue for the federal government? /Meta99 77 0 R /Type /Page 10 How large are the tax expenditures for retirement saving? /Meta63 59 0 R Please email us at: 68% of the world population projected to live in urban areas by 2050, says UN, United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, May 16, 2018, un.org. OECD fiscal decentralization database (object name Table 12: 1970 2016), OECD, accessed April 15, 2019, oecd.org. Since development demands a lot of capital, this study will critically analyze the relationship between local government finance system i.e. University Press. Sarah Jindra, Chicagos ticket amnesty program begins today, WGN9, November 10, 2015, wgntv.com. And these sources tend to be far from optimized: local governments are often unaware of how to get more from existing sources and lack the resources to mount such efforts. This charge generates more than $100 million in revenue each year. Eneanya, A. N. (2012). >> Unlocking the full potential of city revenues. /Type /Group Alao, D. O., & Alao, E. M. (2013). Taxation as a Source of Revenue Generation in Local Governments, Nigeria Authors: Augustine Osho Ekiti State University, Ado Ekiti David Adelagun Ajayi Abstract and Figures period of 5years. /Parent 2 0 R What is the TCJA base erosion and anti-abuse tax and how does it work? share. /CS /DeviceRGB The share coming from property taxes fell from 22 percent of general revenue in 1977 to 17 percent in 1985, but since then property taxes as a share of general revenue have been relatively stable. Revenue generation is the main source of income to the Federal, State and local Governments. www.iiste.org. >> Revenue Generation in Nigeria's Local Government. Revenue from property, sales, and other taxes totaled $707 billion, or 42 percent of general revenue. Fines. <]>> US Census Bureau. What is the TCJA repatriation tax and how does it work? /Tabs /S endobj Impact on economy. Okwori, J., & Sule, A. What did the American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012 do? azA/u|,j[^#R"US&HwksN$} YVbh As an alternative to benchmarking, cities could also determine the cost of services and then establish a cost-plus pricing model to generate additional revenues. One strategy that cities have followed is introducing an amnesty program for delinquent parking tickets that waives penalties and additional fines as an incentive for motorists to pay up. 2018. 'ocal governments in, over a number of years. endobj /Group << (2006). Dubai introduces innovation fees for government transactions, Khaleej Times, January 30, 2018, khaleejtimes.com. Catawba Publishing Company. Revenue from charges, fees, and miscellaneous sources increased from 15 percent to 23 percent in 1985 and has remained roughly at that level since then (figure 2). /Length 5747 How does the tax system subsidize child care expenses? Cities that want to implement new charges will be more likely to build public support if such measures both induce positive behavior and have a clear, equitable, and risk-averse public benefit. /Font << The challenge is identifying and prioritizing the opportunities that will have the greatest impact and are relatively feasible. /F1 20 0 R In Nigeria, as in other developing countries, the debate on the nature and purpose of local government has been a long and at times better one. 0000000532 00000 n INTRODUCTION Nigeria is a sovereign nation. What is the experience of other countries with national retail sales taxes? (All sources of local government general revenue do not sum to 100 percent because of rounding.) 11 0 obj /Tabs /S New York, Scribner Press in Institute of Management and Leadership Professional Nigeria (2012). /Parent 2 0 R Ayodele, I. O., & Sunday, A. E. (2009). Many local governments Authorities in Tanzania have reformed their tax collection systems in recent years, these results to increases in revenue collection (R EPOA, 2008). However, the state government transfer total includes indirect federal funds that are initially allocated to states. What options would increase federal revenues? % This gave a substantial and unprecedented reform of autonomy to the, devolved on the local government therefore, became a common $no#ledge that, most of the local government are finding it difficult to cope #ith the present level, The principal aims of creating local governments #ere as, /. What would be the effect of a national retail sales tax on economic growth? The share from intergovernmental transfers also fluctuated somewhat over time, falling from 43 percent of general revenue in 1977 to 36 percent in 2017. Longman. What have budget trends been over the short and long term? /S /Transparency >> 0000001743 00000 n https://www.odi.org/events/282-innovations-poverty-reduction-role-local-government. Furthermore, the funding that municipalities receive from other government entities is decreasing. )U!$5X3/9 ($5j%V*'&*r" (,!!0b;C2( I8/ Never miss an insight. What is the role of monetary policy in alleviating economic downturns? , B., & Fatile, J what tax changes did the 200810 tax stimulus acts do has for long... In local government finance in Nigeria & # x27 ; s local government general revenue child care expenses en! Be taxed under a national retail sales tax on economic growth steadily increased 11! Various proposals affect incentives for charitable giving revenue mobilization will be reduced by amount..., I. 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