We shall first explore the salient features of the pragmatic approaches to language, paying special attention to Austin's notion of illocutionary force and Grice's notion of non-natural meaning. PHIL 227 LEC Death and Dying. The real question, then, seems to be whether, and how, free choice is possible amidst all of these influences. philosophers of ancient Greece and Rome were among the first thinkers to develop rigorous arguments in response to such musings. State police are investigating the death of a student more than three decades ago at a now-closed school for troubled teens. Our aim will be to identify and evaluate the strongest version of each argument. Our subjects will include hate speech, press censorship, pornography, controversial art, sacrilegious speech and campus controversies. In this way, we come to appreciate the importance of considering the biology on which mental processes are based and the light that this approach throws on the nature of consciousness. Does film accurately capture reality, as no other art does? Pleasure? What are the main sources of uncertainty here? Is it possible to have systematic knowledge of subjective experience? In contrast with this interpretive tendency, this tutorial will focus on Hume's" science of human nature"--his overall philosophical project in Treatise--and cultivate the discussion of different philosophical issues and arguments in light of this general aim of the work as a whole. In this course, we will examine a number of Greek tragedies and philosophical writing on tragedy and the tragic. [more], "Faith is a fine invention," according to Emily Dickinson's poem, "when gentlemen can see; but microscopes are prudent in an emergency." Most sessions will pair readings about key concepts with specific cases that raise complex ethical issues, including the concept of moral standing and, e.g., people who do not yet exist, non-human individuals, species, and complex living systems; the concept of moral responsibility and complicity in environmentally damaging practices; the legitimacy of cost-benefit analysis as an environmental policy tool; and the valuation of human lives. If not, should this concern us? [more], This course examines some of the central questions raised by the study of the consciousness: the place of intentionality, the role of emotions, the relation with the body, the nature of subjectivity, the scope of reflexivity, the nature of perceptual presence, etc. We will try to determine what is the scope and nature of an adequate theory of emotions, what are the desiderata for such a theory, and what should count as evidence in its favor. We will look at civil disobedience and theories of legal interpretation. falsity of all our beliefs? (i) You are psyched. Much of the moral philosophy produced in Greece and Rome remains as relevant today as when it was written. We will begin by examining the general concepts of health and disease, and then apply them to human psychology. What do you expect to learn? In addressing these substantive questions, we will also consider which methodological approach--if a single one can be privileged--we should adopt for examining emotions. Each questioned the emancipatory effect of reason and freedom as well as idealist accounts of moral progress in human history. We will, undoubtedly, have to adjust the syllabus to respond to breaking international, national and local news. Is democratic rule always best? We will pay special attention to the first amendment and questions concerning free speech and hate speech. In this course we address key themes and figures from two of the most influential movements in twentieth century European philosophy, namely, existentialism and phenomenology, a philosophical approach to which existentialism is indebted. Second, we will engage in some current philosophical debates concerning the concept of freedom in metaphysics, ethics, and political philosophy. We'll try to make some progress on these issues. A number of conceptual themes will emerge throughout the course of the term, including notions of exploitation and coercion, privacy and confidentiality, and the balance between public interests and individual rights. philosophers deeply influenced by pragmatism do not recognize the fact, while, on the other hand, some self-proclaimed pragmatists of our days can hardly be seen as continuing the tradition to which they pledge allegiance. In framing and answering these questions, we will discuss subjective experience (or phenomenology) of mental illness; holism vs. reductionism; functional, historical and structural explanations of psychopathology; theory formation, evidence, and the role of values in psychology and psychiatry; the diversity and disunity of psychotherapeutic approaches; relationship between knowers and the known; and relationship between theoretical knowledge in psychiatry and the practices of healing. Or, must sensible properties be organized spatiotemporally? [more], This will be a course in the philosophy of language at it has developed over the past century and a half in the analytic tradition. to that question, and the theoretical assumptions that underlie the answers, differ as well. Beyond this common ground, however, epistemologists are much divided. Other topics could include: Zeno's paradoxes of motion and plurality, the liar's paradox, the surprise-exam paradox, paradoxes of material constitution, Newcomb's Problem , and the Prisoner's Dilemma. On the other hand, if logic is about how we should reason, what makes it the case that we should reason one way rather than another? By which methods should we pursue these questions? between law and morality? metaphysics, epistemology, moral and political philosophy, philosophy of mind. What do the social and psychological sciences have to teach us about happiness? Authors will include: Descartes, Spinoza, Leibniz, Locke, Berkeley, Hume, and Kant. In the first part of the course, we will read Wittgenstein's Philosophical Investigations, one of the greatest books ever written. In this way we come to realize that far from being the irrational foil of "the West," Indian tradition is a rich resource for thinking through some of the central questions that have challenged philosophers in both traditions. Diamond investigated the methodology of moral philosophy, paying special attention to the role of literature. There is a village where the barber shaves (a) all those and (b) only those who do not shave themselves. What do we mean when we talk about racial capitalism? The course will begin with the "received view" of science, advanced by logical empiricists, which assumes the objectivity and the rationality of science and argues that induction is the main scientific method. Our main goal will be to prove things about this logical system rather than to use this system to think about ordinary language arguments. [more], If we think of Michel Foucault as engaged in writing histories, or genealogies, of his own present designed to undercut the sense of the obviousness of certain practices and ways of thinking, categorizing, and knowing, we can easily imagine that he might now be questioning different aspects of our contemporary "present" than the ones standardly associated with his name, namely, panopticons and surveillance, discipline, criminalization, the biopolitics of health, the normal and the abnormal, etc. In this tutorial we will read philosophical texts from a range of approaches in professional philosophy since the early 20th Century (Analytic, Pragmatist, Continental or European, and Public). Our focus will be on recent influential work in this area. Later Wittgenstein is a controversial, polarizing figure; but serious reading of his work is invariably intellectually enriching and fertile. This course is part of the John Hyde Teaching Fellowship. The focus will be on model-theoretic semantics, the sub-field of linguistics that studies meanings. How do our thoughts refer to objects? How have you already been taught the academic and civic virtues? How much inference goes into interpreting what's said? How should we think about the boundaries and methods of theorizing about film? Among the authors we will read are: Aristotle, Frege, Russell, Quine, Kripke, Putnam, Field and Fine. We doubt, we point out that no one can be certain in what she believes, and we are suspicious of declarations of transcendent reason or truth (unless they are our own). Trigger Warning: all the works of art studied in this class will be chosen partly because they have offended a significant number of people. We conclude by considering the relation between first and third person studies of the mind, focusing on the concept of the embodied mind as a fruitful bridge between these different traditions. Other philosophers and literary theorists have used some of their ideas recently to throw light on the nature of textual meaning and the interpretation of literary texts. While engaging these texts, we will continually reflect on their relevance for thinking about the problems facing liberal democracies today, particularly in the U.S. [more], In this tutorial we will examine a number of prominent and controversial social issues, using our study of them both as an opportunity to better understand the moral dimensions of those issues in and of themselves, and to consider the ways in which selected classical and contemporary moral theories characterize and address those moral dimensions. These latter writings of Kant's had a tremendous influence on the development of subsequent moral philosophy and indeed set the stage for contemporary discussions of the nature of practical reason, motivation, freedom, and morality. The stoics and skeptics both claimed a Socratic imprimatur for their own thought. Cy Walsh has asked a court to allow him to be released back into the community unsupervised, six years after stabbing his AFL coach father to death in a frenzied attack.. Phil Walsh, 55, was head . Pragmatist Currents in Contemporary Epistemology and Philosophy of Science. We will read Adam Smith and Karl Marx on capitalism, Simone de Beauvoir on gender, and Charles Mills on race. [more], The touchstone of our course will be Plato's Republic: the first and perhaps greatest utopia as well as perhaps the greatest work in political philosophy. Both stances face severe difficulties. central to debates about the significance and value of his work such as: psychology academically respectable. The seminar will be structured around a close, critically engaged reading of the, Wittgenstein's "Philosophical Investigations", action, knowledge, ethics, religion, aesthetics, culture, and of course, philosophy itself. In this course we will investigate the the broad topics of consciousness and thought by surveying the many approaches to mind that yield the contemporary debates. We will thus be led to discuss some of the concepts common to epistemology, metaphysics and ethics: reason, justification, objectivity, understanding, reality and truth. This course is an intensive, line-by-line study of the Investigations--one of the greatest (and thus, one of the most controversial) books in the history of philosophy. Finally, we will examine some of Aristotle's works on metaphysics, epistemology and ethics, considering some of the ways Aristotle's thought responds to that of predecessors. We will also read selections from the vast secondary literature on Aristotle's. Is there a room for the notion of collective intention in filmmaking? What makes an individual's life go well? In this way, we develop a rich array of analytical tools and observational practices to further our understanding of the mind. Are we rationally justified in drawing causal inferences? What, if anything, justifies our scientific knowledge? Perhaps, then, economics is not primarily a predictive science, but instead a descriptive, historical, and/or mathematical one. If time permits, we may also look at how the figure of Socrates has been thought about in the works of more modern thinkers. "Don't die," she said. When should we give morality priority over personal commitments and relationships, and why? A number of conceptual themes will emerge throughout the course of the term, including notions of exploitation and coercion, privacy and confidentiality, and the balance between public interests and individual rights. One of our guiding questions will be: What makes a thinker an "Existentialist"? While looking at film as art, as document, as experiment and as entertainment, we will always keep in sight specific theoretical assumptions that underlie different understandings of film, and different critical approaches to the medium. United States portal. [more], Along with jazz, pragmatism stands as the greatest uniquely American contribution to world culture. v. t. e. Matt Walsh (born June 18, 1986) [1] is an American right-wing political commentator and author. We will then discuss philosophies of science which emerged out of various criticisms of this view - especially those of Popper, Lakatos, Kuhn and Feyerabend - and the challenges to the assumptions of scientific objectivity and rationality their works provoked. We will examine these (and other questions) in the context of the great philosophical revolution at the beginning of the last century: the linguistic turn and the birth of analytic philosophy. How could proponents of each be claiming to follow in the footsteps of Socrates? Dean's Office. We will continue with J. S. Mill's, course is to examine the origins, grounds, and nature of this belief. [more], There are three grains of sand on my desk. We will begin by reading some of Plato's early dialogues and his, probing and intimate reflections on the meaning of human life, the nature of God and mind, time and eternity, will and world, good and evil, love and sexuality have challenged every generation since Augustine's own. [more], The Williams College Mission statement says that "free inquiry requires open-mindedness, and commitment to community draws on concern for others". How does film generate meaning? the Enlightenment . In a philosophy of logic class, we think about what we are doing when we do logic. We conclude by considering the relation between first and third person studies of the mind, focusing on the concept of the embodied mind as a fruitful bridge between these different traditions. The picture that we find in the works of the tragedians, Aeschylus, Sophocles and Euripides is markedly different. The debate between Realism and Idealism concerns whether reality is composed of mind-independent matter, or mind-like substances. In this course, we will survey the ethics of public health through the lens of the COVID-19 pandemic, investigating concepts and arguments that are central to the ethics of public health research and practice. The first portion of the course will be devoted to developing and understanding four moral principles which have come to be accepted as canonical: respect for autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, and justice. We will concentrate both on making precise the philosophical problem of consciousness and on understanding the role of the relevant neuroscientific and cognitive research. Where have you been taught them? While Plato and Aristotle differ on many points, they share the belief that the cosmos and the human place within it can be understood by rational means. How much inference goes into interpreting what's said? Along the way we will discuss principles of syntax, the sub-field that studies sentence structures, and pragmatics, the sub-field that studies inferences of non-literal content. Is philosophy of film really autonomous, independent from traditional philosophical disciplines which help generate its central questions, such as aesthetics, philosophy of art, epistemology, ontology, semiotics, ethics, social and political philosophy? health and disease, and then apply them to human psychology. . of Western metaphysics; French Nietzscheans such as Foucault, Derrida and Deleuze as well as French feminist Luce Irigaray appropriate Nietzschean themes and concepts in their critical engagements with the Western philosophical tradition; and Anglo-American moral philosophers such as Bernard Williams, Alisdair MacIntyre, and Phillippa Foot (as well as Rorty) respond to and engage his critique of modern morality. The thoughts that Aristotle expresses in these books were instrumental in setting an intellectual agenda that dominated western thought through the Middle Ages and provided the backdrop against which the modern philosophical tradition arose. B. Lipscomb before the first meeting, preferably over the summer. The son of former Adelaide Crows coach Phil Walsh has been granted unsupervised day leave from the mental health facility where he lives. Phil holds a Diploma in Horticulture (Massey University) and enjoys a long career in the horticultural sector. If not, should this concern us? For each argument, we will first look at historically important formulations and then turn to contemporary reformulations. But is the best conclusion we can come to with respect to our intellectual endeavors that skepticism always carries the day and that nothing at all is true? From there, we will look at extensions of and/or alternatives to first-order logic. The course will present the essential ideas of relativity theory and quantum theory and explore their implications for philosophy. Is happiness an emotional or mental state or is it a social construct? Walsh, 55, died from multiple stab wounds at the scene despite attempts by ambulance officers to revive him.His son was arrested after police were called to a domestic dispute at the home in Somerton Park at 2am ACST on Friday. scientific theories. No domain of inquiry is immune to this destructive skepticism and confident relativism. Why do we seek to experience through film fear and anguish that we avoid in our daily lives? Is there a difference between being offended and being harmed? This course argues that by reference to the historically specific modes of subjectivity and sociality that resulted from the Transatlantic Slave Trade and the Haitian Revolution, for instance, we can better understand and address long-standing questions in European Social Philosophy. With few exceptions, thoroughgoing skepticism and relativism have not been the prevailing views of the greatest minds in the history of philosophy. After working through these arguments, we will reflect more generally on the proper roles of reason and faith in justifying religious belief. How important are honor, money, love, work, friendship and our connections to others to our happiness? In school? Critical theorists regard philosophy as social and ideology critique. Does it advance our thinking and increase our knowledge of the world? While students will not regularly be required to read the latter, any who want to pursue this legacy will be supported in doing so.) See if you can figure out why this is sometimes called a paradox, and then ask yourself what this has to do with our opening questions. characteristics, but rather what a human being becomes and how it defines and creates itself under conditions it does not choose. Supt Bray said the domestic incident was a tragedy. and keto reduced-sugar products has been linked to blood clotting, stroke, heart attack and death, according to a new study. We also examine the Yogacara school, which offers a process view of reality focusing on the analysis of experience. [more], Modern philosophy centers on two debates: Empiricism vs. Rationalism and Realism vs. Idealism. "I can't tell you anything about the argument or the circumstances but as a result of that both Mr Walsh and his wife received the wounds," Superintendent Des Bray told reporters in Adelaide. But we also question the value of these tools based on first person approaches by relating them to the third person studies of the mind. His thought influenced the thought of subsequent generations of philosophers. In addition, we will devote several class meetings interspersed throughout the semester to reading foundational sources in ethical theory. Mark Williams remains shattered by the death of his great mate Phil Walsh, but finds solace in the fact one of his sons regularly visits Walsh's son in an Adelaide psychiatric facility. We will read some representative works from each of these schools of thought to see how each approaches Socrates. In this tutorial we'll closely examine a series of contemporary and historical cases of human experimentation (roughly, one case per week) with an eye toward elucidating the moral norms that ought to govern human subjects research. We begin by examining some of the central concepts of Buddhist psychology, its treatment of the mind as a selfless stream of consciousness, its examination of the variety of mental factors and its accounts of the relation between cognition and affects. Or, must sensible properties be organized spatiotemporally? Frederick Rudolph, Williams College 1793-1993: Three Eras, Three Cultures, Michael S . The abstract philosophical question before us is, what are animals such that they can be all these things? 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